![]() The beautiful bath area had a layer of natural tar – this was to prevent it from leaking. Steps led down to a pool lined with bricks in a huge courtyard. Near the granary was the great public bath house, known as the Great Bath. Further proof of this is the presence of a large well, a central marketplace and several granaries in the city. This made evident, the fact that agriculture was the main occupation. It was situated below the great mountain ranges, with rivers flowing abundantly through the land, depositing rich fertile soil. Mohenjo-daro was primarily an agricultural city. This is evidence of a very modern method of sanitation and sewerage. Since all the streets were well-drained, the city remained dry and clean. From a bathing room the waste water was directed into covered drains along the main streets. Each house had a well from which it drew water. Sanitation and Sewerage Systemĭespite a population of about 30,000, the city had one of the best sanitation systems. The type of brick used, ensured the durability of the buildings. ![]() The amazing part was that the workers made every brick of the same size. The baked bricks were a superior version of the sun-dried bricks used in other civilizations. These cities were made of bricks – either baked mud of wood bricks. Evidence suggests that the city was highly prone to floods. The city was built around 2600 BC and abandoned around 1700 BC. The name Mohenjo-Daro means ‘Mound of the Dead’ in Sindhi. The anchor for this civilization lay in the beautiful twin cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. Excavations prove that the level of urban planning and architecture prevalent here was incomparable. Over the next thousand years, the immigrants spread over an area of half a million square miles. This area was abundant with water, fodder and fuel. These nomads found a land so richly fertile by the banks of the river Indus that they settled there without hesitation. Urban Planning and ArchitectureĪbout 5000 years ago, a group of nomads traveling from Sumeria (present-day Iran) entered North Western India, near present day Karachi. One of the earliest urban civilizations in India and in fact, in the world, was the Indus Valley Civilization, also called the Harappan Culture.
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